Fetal Brain Network Development Now Measurable in the Womb

A team of Austrian researchers has demonstrated for the first time that there are fetal brain developments that can be measured using functional magnetic resonance tomography (fMRI) in the womb. This means, according to the scientists, that pathologic changes to brain development will be detectable earlier than they now are and appropriate measures can be taken earlier.

In the study, 16 fetuses between the 20th and 36th weeks of pregnancy were measured. Measurements were taken of the brain’s resting state networks. These networks persist in a state of readiness at rest and their activity increases after appropriate stimulation. The examinations are completely stress-free for the mothers and extend “normal” natal MRI scans by only a few minutes.

Functional defects are detected earlier with this technology. “We have been able to demonstrate, for the first time ever, that the resting state networks are formed in utero and that these can be imaged and measured using functional imaging,” explained Dr. Veronika Schöpf, who is part of the working group led by Daniela Prayer, head of the department of neuroradiology and musculoskeletal radiology and head of a world-leading center for pre-natal MRI at the Medizinische Universität Wien (MedUni Vienna; Austria) and the study leader.

This finding means that, in future, the developmental progress of brain activity in the fetus can be measured and other findings and prognoses made regarding possible malfunctioning processes. As a result, functional defects, such as of the optic nerves or motor system, can be detected while the fetus is still in the womb--an accomplishment that was previously impossible so that parents can be offered more informed advice and counseling, for example.

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Medizinische Universität Wien