MRI Detects Prostate Cancer Recurrence at Extremely Low PSA Levels

A pelvic MRI scan with intravenous (IV) contrast and rectal balloon is highly effective in identifying local recurrence even at low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values in prostate cancer patients with a rising or persistently elevated PSA after prostatectomy, according to new research.

The study's findings were presented April 29, 2011, at the Cancer Imaging and Radiation Therapy Symposium in Atlanta, GA, USA. The symposium is cosponsored by the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO; Fairfax, VA, USA) and the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA; Oak Brook, IL, USA).

Researchers from MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX, USA) assessed 389 postprostatectomy patients treated between January 2004 and October 2010, with 143 receiving a pelvic MRI to determine if cancer cells were still present in the area of the surgical bed. Thirty-five of those patients had suspicious MRI findings suggesting local recurrence. Twenty-six patients were then biopsied, with 23 demonstrating cancer.

The study revealed that approximately one-third of patients with a biopsy-proven recurrence after suspicious MRI scan result had a PSA of less than 1.0, with several having a PSA as low as 0.3.

A scan of the surgical bed is typically performed after a prostatectomy and before salvage radiation-therapy treatment in prostate cancer patients with a rising PSA to determine a potential recurrence and location of recurrence. An MRI is able to differentiate between soft tissues better than a conventional CT scan, so the high rates of cancer recurrence captured by the MRI scan were not surprising to researchers. What was surprising was the low PSA levels at which the MRI could determine recurrent disease.

"Being able to identify such patients is beneficial, as it would be predictive of response to salvage radiation therapy," stated Seungtaek Choi, MD, lead author of the study and an assistant professor of radiation oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center. "It also may allow a radiation oncologist to treat the area of recurrent cancer to a higher radiation dose with or without hormone ablation therapy to increase the chance of cure."

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